Yiziphi Amasistimu Abalulekile Embonini Yokuphehla Ukhiye Wokujika?

Isikhungo sokuphehla ukhiye sisebenza ngamasistimu amathathu amakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ukuze kulungiswe, kugqokiswe futhi kuqedelwe insimbi. Inqubo isebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile afanaI-Structural Component Galvanizing EquipmentfuthiIzingxenye Ezincane Ezenza Imigqa (Robort). Imakethe yamagalvanizing ecwilisiwe ikhombisa amandla amakhulu okukhula.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Isitshalo esifaka uthayela sinezinhlelo ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukugalela, kanye nokwelashwa ngemva kokwelashwa. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ndawonye ukuhlanza, ukugqokisa, nokuqeda insimbi.
• Isistimu yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ihlanza insimbi. Isusa ukungcola, amafutha nokugqwala. Lesi sinyathelo sisiza i-zinc ukuthi inamathele kahle ensimbi.
• Iuhlelo lwe-galvanizingibeka i-zinc enamathela ensimbi. Uhlelo lwangemva kokwelashwa lupholisa insimbi futhi lwengeze isendlalelo sokugcina sokuvikela. Lokhu kwenza insimbi iqine futhi iqine.

Uhlelo 1: Uhlelo Lokwelapha Ngaphambili

Uhlelo Lokwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokwelashwa yisigaba sokuqala nesibucayi kakhuluinqubo galvanizing. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukulungisa indawo yensimbi ehlanzekile ngokuphelele. Indawo ehlanzekile ivumela i-zinc ukuthi yakhe isibopho esiqinile, esifanayo nensimbi. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa uchungechunge lwamadiphu amakhemikhali ukuze lususe konke ukungcola.

Ukunciphisa Amathangi

Ukukhipha amafutha kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanza. Izingxenye zensimbi zifika esitshalweni esinokungcola okungaphezulu njengowoyela, ukungcola, namafutha. Amathangi akhipha amafutha asusa lezi zinto. Amathangi aqukethe izixazululo zamakhemikhali ezidiliza ukungcola. Izixazululo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Izixazululo ze-alkaline degreasing
• Izixazululo ze-Acidic degreasing
• Ama-degreaser ane-alkaline anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu

ENyakatho Melika, ama-galvanizers amaningi asebenzisa izixazululo ezishisayo ze-sodium hydroxide. Ama-opharetha ngokuvamile ashisisa lamathangi ane-alkali phakathi kuka-80-85 °C (176-185 °F). Lokhu kushisa kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza ngaphandle kwezindleko eziphezulu zamandla okubilisa amanzi.

Amathangi Okugeza

Ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngakunye, insimbi iya ethangini lokugeza. Ukugeza kugezisa noma yimaphi amakhemikhali asele ethangini langaphambilini. Lesi sinyathelo sivimbela ukungcoliswa kokugeza okulandelayo ngokulandelana. Ukugeza kahle kubalulekile ukuze kuqedwe ikhwalithi.

Izinga Lomkhakha:Ngokwe-SSPC-SP 8 Pickling Standard, amanzi okugeza kufanele ahlanzeke. Isamba se-asidi noma usawoti oncibilikisiwe odluliselwa emathangeni okugeza akufanele seqe amagremu amabili ilitha.

I-Acid Pickling Tanks

Okulandelayo, insimbi ingena ethangini le-acid pickling. Leli thangi liqukethe isisombululo se-asidi ehlanjululwe, ngokuvamile i-hydrochloric acid. Umsebenzi we-asidi uwukukhipha ukugqwala nesikali sokugaya, okungama-iron oxide ebusweni bensimbi. Inqubo yokukhetha iveza insimbi engenalutho, ehlanzekile ngaphansi, iyenze ilungele isinyathelo sokugcina sokulungiselela.

Fluxing Tanks

I-Fluxing yisinyathelo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwangaphambili. Insimbi ehlanzekile icwiliswa ku-aithangi le-fluxequkethe isixazululo se-zinc ammonium chloride. Lesi sixazululo sisebenzisa isendlalelo sekristalu esivikelayo ensimbi. Lesi singqimba senza izinto ezimbili: senza ukuhlanza okuncane kokugcina futhi sivikele insimbi emoyeni osemoyeni. Le filimu evikelayo ivimbela ukugqwala okusha ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ingene eketelani elishisayo le-zinc.

Uhlelo 2: Uhlelo Lokugalela

Ngemuva kokwelashwa kwangaphambili, insimbi ithuthela ku-Galvanizing System. Inhloso yalolu hlelo ukusebenzisa i-i-zinc evikelayo. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-ovini yokomisa, isithando somlilo, neketela le-zinc. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze isibopho se-metallurgical phakathi kwensimbi ne-zinc.

Ukomisa Ihhavini

Ihhavini yokomisa iyisitobhi sokuqala kulesi simiso. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukoma ngokuphelele insimbi ngemva kwesiteji sokuguquguquka. Ama-opharetha ngokuvamile ashisisa ihhavini cishe ku-200°C (392°F). Lokhu kushisa okuphezulu kuhwamulisa wonke umswakama osele. Inqubo yokomisa ngokuphelele ibalulekile ngoba ivimbela ukuqhuma kwesitimu ku-zinc eshisayo futhi igwema iziphambeko zokumboza njengezimbobo.

Amahhavini okomisa anamuhla ahlanganisa imiklamo yokonga amandla. Lezi zici zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo.

• Bangasebenzisa amagesi aphuma esithandweni ukuya ekushiseni kwangaphambili kwensimbi.
• Ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokubuyisela ukushisa.
• Baqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okulungiselelwe nokufana okufanayo.

Isithando somlilo

Isithando somlilo sinikeza ukushisa okukhulu okudingekayo ukuze kuncibilike i-zinc. Lawa mayunithi anamandla azungeza iketela le-zinc futhi agcina i-zinc encibilikisiwe isezingeni lokushisa elinembile. Amafurnaces asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa obuthuthukile obuningana ukuze busebenze kahle. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ama-Pulse Fired High-Velocity burners
• Izithando Zokushisa Ezingaqondile
• Izithando Zogesi

Ukuphepha kuqala: Izithando zomlilo zisebenza emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, okwenza ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu. Akhiwe ngokufakwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinzwa zedijithali zokuqapha izinga lokushisa leketela, nemiklamo evumela ukuhlolwa okulula kwezimbawula namavalvu okulawula.

Igedlela leZinc

Iketela le-zinc yisitsha esikhulu, esiwunxande esibamba i-zinc encibilikisiwe. Ihlala ngqo ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo, esiwushisa. Igedlela kufanele liqine ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze likwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphakeme njalo kanye nemvelo egqwalayo ye-zinc ewuketshezi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi bakha amaketela ngensimbi ekhethekile, ephansi-carbon, ne-silicon ephansi. Abanye bangase babe nomugqa wangaphakathi wesitini esiphikisayo sokuphila isikhathi eside.

Uhlelo 3: Uhlelo Lokwelapha Ngemva Kokwelashwa

I-Post-Treatment System iyisigaba sokugcinainqubo galvanizing. Inhloso yawo ukupholisa insimbi esanda kugqunywa bese usebenzisa isendlalelo sokugcina sokuzivikela. Lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo unokubukeka okufunayo nokuqina kwesikhathi eside. Izingxenye eziyinhloko amathangi okucisha kanye neziteshi zokudlula.

Ukucisha Amathangi

Ngemva kokushiya iketela le-zinc, insimbi isashisa kakhulu, cishe ku-450°C (840°F). Amathangi okucisha ayipholisa ngokushesha insimbi. Lokhu kupholisa okusheshayo kumisa ukusabela kwe-metallurgical phakathi kwe-zinc nensimbi. Uma insimbi iphola kancane emoyeni, lokhu kusabela kungaqhubeka, kubangele isiphetho esifiphele, esinamabala. Ukucisha kusiza ukugcina ukubukeka okukhanyayo, okufanayo okufanayo. Kodwa-ke, eminye imiklamo yensimbi ayifanele ukucisha ngoba ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo kungabangela ukulwa.

Ama-opharetha asebenzisa uketshezi oluhlukene, noma imimoya, ukuze acime ngokusekelwe kumphumela oyifunayo:

• Amanzi:Inikeza ukupholisa okushesha kakhulu kodwa ingakha usawoti we-zinc okhishwayo ngaphezulu.
• Amafutha:Pholisa insimbi kancane kakhulu kunamanzi, okunciphisa ingozi yokuqhekeka ngenkathi kuthuthukisa i-ductility.
• Usawoti Oncibilikisiwe:Nikeza ngezinga lokupholisa elihamba kancane, elilawulwa kakhulu, unciphise ukuhlanekezela.

Passivation kanye Ukuqeda

I-passivation yindlela yokugcina yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali. Le nqubo isebenzisa ungqimba oluncane, olungabonakali endaweni enothayela. Lolu ngqimba luvikela uqweqwe olusha lwe-zinc ekufakweni kwe-oxidation ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokwakheka "kokugqwala okumhlophe" ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha.

Inothi Lokuphepha Nendawo Ezungezile:Ngokomlando, i-passivation yayivame ukusebenzisa ama-ejenti aqukethe i-hexavalent chromium (Cr6). Nokho, le khemikhali inobuthi futhi inomdlavuza. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezifana ne-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) zilawula ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka kwezempilo nemvelo, imboni manje isebenzisa kabanzi ezinye izindlela eziphephile, njenge-trivalent chromium (Cr3+) kanye nama-passivator angenayo i-chromium.

Lesi sinyathelo sokugcina siqinisekisaumkhiqizo wamastiifika lapho iya khona ihlanzekile, ivikelekile, futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa.

Amasistimu Okusekela Okubanzi Kwezitshalo

Amasistimu amathathu ayinhloko embonini yokufaka uthayela ancike ezinhlelweni zokusekela ezibalulekile ukuze zisebenze ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Lezi zinhlelo zezitshalo ezibanzi ziphatha ukunyakaza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, imisebenzi ekhethekile yokuhlanganisa, nokuphepha kwemvelo. Baxhuma yonke inqubo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.

Isistimu Yokuphatha Izinto

Isistimu yokuphatha impahla ihambisa izinto ezenziwe ngensimbi esindayo kuyo yonke indawo. Izitshalo zesimanje zokugalela ugesi zidinga okhreyini bezinga eliphezulu nezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuze zilawule ukuhamba komsebenzi. Lo mshini kufanele uphathe isisindo sezinto futhi umelane nokushisa okuphezulu nokuchayeka kwamakhemikhali.

• Ama-Cranes
• Ama-Hoists
• Ama-Conveyors
• Iziphakamisi

Abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha walesi sixhobo. Ngokwenza izinto ezisindayo ngokwedlulele, kuwumkhuba ongcono kakhulu ukubonana ne-galvanizer ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo lwabo luyakwazi ukuphatha isisindo. Lokhu kuhlelwa kuvimbela ukubambezeleka futhi kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphephile.

I-Structural Component Galvanizing Equipment

Izitshalo zisebenzisaI-Structural Component Galvanizing Equipmentukufeza i-uniform zinc coating ezintweni ezinkulu noma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukucwilisa okujwayelekile kungase kunganele izingcezu ezinomumo ongajwayelekile noma indawo yangaphakathi. Lesi sixhobo esikhethekile sisebenzisa amasu athuthukile, njengokunyakaza kwengxenye elawulwayo noma amasistimu wokufuthwa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-zinc encibilikisiwe ifinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo ngokulinganayo. Ukusebenzisa Impahla Efanele Yokucwenga Yesakhiwo kubalulekile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zekhwalithi ezintweni ezinjengemishayo emikhulu noma ama-assembly ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwe-Structural Component Galvanizing Equipment kuqinisekisa isiphetho esingaguquki nesivikelayo.

Ukukhipha Intuthu Nokwelashwa

Inqubo yokufaka ulaka idala intuthu, ikakhulukazi emathangeni okukha i-asidi kanye ne-igedlela le-zinc elishisayo. Uhlelo lokukhipha umusi kanye nokwelashwa lubalulekile ekuphepheni kwabasebenzi nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Le sistimu ithwebula umhwamuko oyingozi emthonjeni wawo, ihlanze umoya ngezihlungi noma izihlungi, bese iwukhulula ngokuphephile.

Ukuphepha Nendawo:Ukukhipha intuthu ngendlela ephumelelayo kuvikela abasebenzi ekuhogeleni umhwamuko wamakhemikhali futhi kuvimbele ukudedelwa kwezinto ezingcolile emkhathini, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isitshalo sithobelana nemithetho yemvelo.

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Isikhungo sokuphehla ukhiye sihlanganisa izinhlelo ezintathu ezibalulekile. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kuhlanza insimbi yokunamathela ku-zinc. Uhlelo lwe-galvanizing lusebenzisa ukugqoka, futhi ngemva kokwelashwa kuqeda umkhiqizo. Amasistimu okusekela, okuhlanganisa Izisetshenziswa Zokukhalisa Ingxenye Yesakhiwo, ahlanganisa yonke inqubo. Izitshalo zesimanje zisebenzisa i-automation kanye nezinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile ukuze zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokusimama.